MORBILI

Measles (Morbili) is an acute viral disease, transmitted characterized by three stages, namely prodormal stage (catarrhal), stage of eruption and konvalisensi stage, which is manifested by fever, conjunctivitis and koplik.Morbili spotting is a common contagious childhood disease is usually characterized by symptoms minor-major symptoms, rash fever, scarlet, enlarged spleen and pain pulse.
Morbili an acute illness easily transmitted and often serious complications
Almost all children under 5 years in developing countries will develop the disease, while in developed countries usually affects young teens or young adults who are not protected by immunization
Morbili disease is fatal if not actually attacking the children were healthy and well nourished. But if in a country where children are suffering from malnutrition are numerous, morbili a fatal disease
and cause increased mortality rate to 512%
Children who are less nutritious and attacked morbili, usually followed by a condition called kwashiorkor. This situation can be explained by the increased need for calories and protein during the infection process is accompanied by fever, decreased appetite, and disorders of the mouth of a child who rnenyebabkan difficulty swallowing. In addition, a change in the intestinal mucosa causing protein losing enteropathy
For it was necessary precautions. One of the most effective measures assessed is by immunization. This can allow the same desired result when an infection occurs naturally, and without such a heavy influence when infected with the disease itself.
In Indonesia has since 1982 implemented morbili immunization program. as for the purpose of immunization itself is to reduce morbidity and mortality, if possible eradicate the disease. To eradicate the infectious diseases that can infect mikroorganismenya hospes more than one, or even to live in a less favorable environment is impossible?. But if the microorganism is totally dependent on humans, the eradication of the disease can be done, because both viruses are many similarities among others:
- If infected will cause characteristic rash and cause immunity in a long time.
- The second type of virus has no animal reservoir and does not cause chronic carrier state.
Dit.Jen. P2M & PLP was morbili implement mass immunization program. To achieve optimum effectiveness, many factors must be considered such as: the potential of the vaccine itself, the age of children vaccinated, wide range of immunization and others. Immunization coverage is determined by several factors, among others: the vaccine facility, the location of the area to be vaccinated, the ability of the officer and others.
Medium age of children vaccinated each country is different, depending on the state of the country. For potential vaccines is influenced by delivery, storage, handling in the field and the type of the vaccine itself. Morbili vaccine potency is good according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is a vaccine that has the potential morbili
103.0 / 0.5 ml / dose.
Measles would infect only once in a lifetime. Can occur in children who are still young and that has been great. When the immune system strong, it could be the child is not exposed to measles at all.
CAUSES OF MEASLES
The cause of measles is the measles virus or morbili.Pada Initially, symptoms of measles is rather difficult to detect. However, an outline of measles can be divided into 3 phases.
- The first phase is called the incubation period lasts about 10-12 days. In this phase, the children have started to infection but he has yet to appear on any symptoms. Red patches that are characteristic of measles has not come out.
- In the second phase (phase prodormal) before symptoms similar to the flu, such as coughs, colds, and fevers. Eyes appear reddish and watery. When you look at something, the eyes will glare (photo phobia). Appears next to the mouth of the white spots that will last 3-4 days. Sometimes children also experience diarrhea. A couple of days later a high fever fluctuate, ranging from 38 to 40.50 c.
- The third phase marked by red patches along with a high fever that happened. However, indirect patches appear all over the body, but a gradual and vines. Starting from the back of the ears, neck, chest, face, arms and legs. The color is typical of red with a size that is not too big but not too small.
Red splotches in medical language called makulopapuler. Usually patches all over the body meet in about a week. However, this depends on the immune system padadaya each child. When her endurance better then spotting the red is not too spread out and not too full. Generally, if the red spots were out, the fever will go down by itself. Red spots become even more long blackish and scaly skin (hyperpigmentation), and then fall off or heal itself. This period is a time of healing that takes up to 2 weeks.
HOW TO TRANSMISSION
Its worth a watch, measles transmission takes place very quickly through the intermediate bursts of air or saliva (droplet) is inhaled through the nose or mouth. Transmission occurs during the second phase until 1-2 days after red spots arise. Unfortunately, there is a wrong assumption in the community will be measles. For example, if one family member affected by measles, the other family members so that all inadvertently infected hassle. The reason, is not measles only happens once in a lifetime? So if a child had been measles, after which it will be safe forever. This is obviously not true because the opinion is not a disease to be transmitted. Moreover, the impact of measles is quite dangerous.
Another assumption that should be clarified, namely that the red spots on the measles should go all out because otherwise it will actually harm the patient. Which is true, it indicates the number of patches of light-weight measles. The more numbers means more severe disease. Your doctor will only see to it that measles in children are not getting worse or does not get red spots appear all over his body.
In addition, there are many parents who treat children against measles is wrong. One of them, the child is not bathed. It is feared, sweat attached to the child's body creates a feeling sticky and itchy skin by scratching pushed unclean hands resulting in infection in the form of tiny festering sores. Instead, the child will feel comfortable bathing.
TREATMENT SYMPTOMS
Treatment of measles is done by treating the symptoms. Fever that occurs will be treated with fever-lowering drugs. If the child has diarrhea then given a drug used to treat diarrhea. Cough will be resolved by treating cough. Doctors also will prepare the anticonvulsant drug if the child had a seizure talent.In essence, all symptoms must be treated because if not, it could be dangerous measles. The impact can vary, even in case of complications. Keep in mind, measles measles categorized as mild and severe. Called mild, if after 1-2 days of treatment, the symptoms that arise improve. Called a weight if the treatment given was not immune because there could have been complications.
Complications can occur because measles virus spreads through the bloodstream to other body tissues. The most frequent cause of death in children is kompilkasi pneumonia (broncho pneumonia) and inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). This complication can occur rapidly during the last illness.Symptoms of encephalitis which is a one-time or recurring seizures, decreased consciousness child, and the heat is difficult because it is an infection down "ride" that reach the brain. In contrast, complications of pneumonia characterized by coughing, runny nose, and shortness of breath. Thus, death is usually not caused by the measles itself, but because of complications. Generally severe measles occurred in children who are malnourished.
HANDLING THE RIGHT
Recommendation:
Ø When campaknya mild, the child is cared for at home. If campaknya heavy or until complications occur it must be treated in hospital.
Ø Children measles should be treated in a separate place so as not to transmit the disease to others. Especially when there's a baby in the house that have not been immunized against measles.
Ø Give the patient a nutritionally balanced and sufficient to increase the body resistance. The food should be easy to digest, because the child contracted measles susceptible infections, such as strep throat, flu, or other. Vulnerable period is still ongoing for a month after recovering patient endurance that are still weak.
Ø Perform appropriate treatment in consultation with a doctor.
Ø Keep the child's body while bathing.
Ø Children need to get enough rest.
IMPORTANCE OF MEASLES IMMUNIZATION
All viral diseases are endemic. Meaning can occur anytime during the year, not knowing the season. Measles in children should be prevented by immunization. Moreover, measles many attacks children aged under five. Supposedly, the measles vaccine has no side effects, but because the vaccine is made from inactivated virus, it could be one of the millions of virus cause side effects. For example, after being immunized against measles, children become hot or diarrhea.Actually babies get antibodies from the mother through the placenta during pregnancy. However, antibodies from the mother to the baby's body will decrease at the age of nine months. Because of that, measles immunization done at that age. Then, as the baby under 9 months have not been able to form immune properly then repeated measles vaccination at age 15 months with immunization MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella). With vaccination is expected bilapun child is exposed to measles, the impact was not severe or fatal due to the body's own antibodies.However, because there are now suspicions that the preservative in MMR vaccines can trigger autism, measles immunization eventually be repeated. There is no need to worry if the child has reached the age of three years and undergo normal growth process. "We recommend that children be vaccinated. Be delayed but should not be eliminated. Until large can still be vaccinated. It is better to prevent than cure. "
DIFFERENCE WITH GERMAN MEASLES
German measles or rubella is different from ordinary measles. In children, German measles are rare and not until the fatal impact. "If there usually occur in older children, around the age of 5 to 14 years,".Symptoms are similar to regular measles, such as colds, coughs, colds and high fever. However, red patches that arise will not be too severe and rapidly disappeared within 3 days. Appetite patient also usually decreases due to the swelling of the spleen.
Nothing to worry about if this German measles attack pregnant women because it can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta (afterbirth). As a result, children born will have a congenital rubella syndrome. Baby will undergo cataract eye soon after birth, there is a deafness, and there was calcification in the brain, so that children can experience growth retardation.
So, every girl should receive rubella vaccination to protect her fetus when she was pregnant later. In girls this immunity will be passed down to the baby until the age of 9 months. The need for rubella vaccination in men, because that might menjangkitinya German measles can infect his wife, who was pregnant.